The faults with democracy are documented
elsewhere within this work - and they are many.
At the same time, we observe that democracies lead to better outcomes than
other political systems (like dictatorships). We also observe that some
democratic models are better than others - that is, they lead to less
rights violations. This section is an attempt to define a better (though by
no means perfect) democratic model.
We start by identifying the three main weaknesses of most democratic systems:
- Constituencies are geographically based. This may have made sense a
century ago, where people from one region or state thought they had
fundamentally different needs from those in the next state, but in the age of
globalization, this is just silly. It also allows gerrymandering of the
electorates.
- We have single seat electorates. Clearly minorities will not get
representation in such a system. Ideally, a five percent minority would get a
five percent representation in parliament. In fact, a uniformly distributed 49
percent minority well get no parliamentary representation in a
single-electorate system.
- A simple majority in parliament can control the population. Given that
everything the government does is redundant or based on force, this requirement
is too low.
The Proposal
- There is one parliamentary house for the entirety of the country, with 100 elected representatives.
- Any citizen can register as a candidate.
- All citizens vote (or can vote) for all or any candidates.
- Voting is preferential, and preferences work in the same way as
below-the-line preferences in the Australian Senate **
- By default, citizens can do anything unless prohibited by government legislation.
- Government legislation can only be passed by 80 votes or more.
- Any government legislation can be removed by 25 votes or more.
Justification
This model solves the three problems identified above. If ten percent of
the population feel so strongly about an issue they want to vote on it, then
they will get (approximately) ten percent parliamentary representation,
regardless of where in the country they live. Further, any action by the
government must have overwhelming support, not just fifty one percent.
Clearly any constitution for this model would have to have other clauses
to make it workable, such as defining who can vote, and under what
circumstances the government could prevent an individual from doing so.
The details are left as an exercise for the reader.
** Interested readers can read up on the details of preferential voting
elsewhere. Basically it means that if your first choice doesn't get up (or gets
up anyway without your vote), you get a second chance to have some
input). This prevents vote-splitting and other nasty political manipulations
evident in first-past-the-post systems. It also defines retirement rules - ie
who replaces a retiring senator and so on.